SISO,SIPO Shift Registers-DLD

       Prepared by :Saad Aslam  

                                                                                 

       Shift Register

Ø  The Shift Register is another type of sequential logic circuit that can be used for the storage or transfer of data in the form of binary numbers.

Ø  This Sequential device loads the data present on its inputs and then moves or “Shifts” It to its output once every clock cycle,hence the name Shift Register.

Ø  Being a sequential logic ,it is not only affected by the present inputs ,but also, the past inputs.

Types of Shift Registers:

1.       Serial-In/Serial-Out(SISO)

2.       Serial-In/Parallel-Out(SIPO)

3.       Parallel-In/Serial-Out(PISO)

4.       Parallel-In/Parallel-Out(PIPO)

1.       Serial-In/Serial-Out(SISO)

Serial-In to Serial-Out(SISO) –the data is shifted serially “IN” and  serially “OUT” of the register, one bit at a time in either a left or right direction under clock control

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DLD: Laws of Boolean Algebra

Prepared by:Saad Aslam

Boolean Operations and Expressions

Boolean Algebra is the mathematics of digital system .A basic knowledge of Boolean Algebra is the study and analysis of logic circuits .Variables and complements terms are used in this chapter.

A variable can have  a 1 or 0 value.

A complement is the inverse of the variable indicated by a bar over the variable .For example:

Complement of variable A is A.If A is 0 the A is 1 and if A is 1 then A  is 0.The complement of a variable is read as “not A” or “A bar”.

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Number System-DLD

Prepared by: Saad Aslam

Number  System

Radix or Base a number System:

Base or Radix of number system is the no symbols used in its representations .

For example:

·         Decimal number  system  has 10 symbols

0 ,1 ,2 ,3 ,4 ,5 ,6 ,7 ,8 ,9 hence Radix or Base is 10

·         Binary number system has symbols 0 or 1

Therefore radix is 2

·         Octal number system has 8 symbols

0 ,1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 therefore Rdix or Base is 8

·         Hexadecimal number system has 16 symbols

0 ,1 ,2, 3………………..,15 .Therefore Radix is 16

Common Number Systems

System	Base	Symbols	Used by Humans?	Used by Computers?
Decimal	10	0,1,2, . . . . ,9	Yes	No
Binary	2	0 , 1	No	Yes
Octal	8	0 , 1 ,2 , . .  . ,7	No	No
Hexadecimal	16	0 ,1,2,  . . . ,9 ,A ,B, C , . . ,F	No	No

In general ,a number can be expressed in  Base-r   system  as

a_n rⁿ + a_n-1r^{n- 1}+ .………………… + a₀r⁰ + a_-1r^-1 + a_-2r^-2 +…………………....+ a_-mr^-m

For example:

2 3 4 6 . 5 9

2*10³ + 3*10² + 4*10¹ + 6*10⁰ + 5*10^-1 + 9*10^-2  =2346.59

Types of Number Systems

Commonly used number systems are:

1.      Decimal Number System

2.      Binary Number System

3.      Octal Number System

4.      Hexadecimal Number System

Conversion of Bases

1.      (A)Decimal number system to other Number Systems

(B) Other Number Systems to Decimal Number Systems

2.      (A)Binary  number system to other Number Systems

(B)Other Number Systems to Binary Number Systems

3.      (A)Octal number system to other Number Systems

(B) Other Number Systems to Octal Number Systems

4.      (A)Hexadecimal  number system to other Number Systems

(B) Other Number Systems to Hexadecimal Number Systems

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Digital Logic Design Course Material

Complete Course Material of  Digital Logic Design has been uploaded including Sir Irfan Lectures and Handouts made by myself.It also includes recommended books and related links which will help students to explore the concepts of digital logic.It also includes Project tutorials of  DLD course .I will recommend students to watch the tutorials .These tutorials will help them to build their own Final Course Project.
You can ask me if you have any question regarding to the course .Subscribe my blog to recieve the latest updates..

The Link is given below:
 

http://saadaslamcs.blogspot.com/p/dld.html

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